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II. LANGUAGE
Pronunciation
Sentence stress and rhythm
💡Remember!
• Content words (e.g. main verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs) are often stressed, while grammatical words (e.g. conjunctions, pronouns, prepositions, auxiliaries, and articles) are not.
• This combination of stressed and unstressed syllables produces the rhythm of spoken English.
• To sound natural and fluent, you should try to stress the correct words in your spoken sentences.
1. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the sentence stress and rhythm. 🎧
1. It depends on the industry and the field of work that you're interested in.
2. There're many jobs that don't require a university degree.
3. These soft skills will help you adapt to changes and come up with solutions to challenging problems.
2. Underline the stressed words in the sentences. Listen and check. Then practise saying the sentences with a natural rhythm.
1. I'd like to apply for the position of Assistant Teacher.
2. We've received a lot of application letters.
3. We've chosen the best applicants to interview.
4. Successful applicants will start work in the new office.
Vocabulary
Choosing a career path
1. Match the words/phrase (1-5) with the phrases (a-e) to make phrases with the meanings below.
| 1. have | a. stressful situations | manage difficult situations |
| 2. develop | b. one's passion for | keep a very strong feeling of liking something |
| 3. deal with | c. an outgoing personality | like to talk to people |
| 4. gain | d. soft skills | build abilities to communicate with others and work well |
| 5. pursue | e. work experience | get experience of a particular job |
2. Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the phrases in 1.
1. She left her current job in order to _____ music.
2. I have earned some money and _____ from my previous part-time jobs.
3. If you _____, it will be an advantage when you apply for this job.
4. In addition to technical knowledge, you also need to _____ such as communication and teamwork skills.
5. Your working environment may not always be pleasant. Sometimes, you have to _____.
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Grammar
Three-word phrasal verbs
💡Remember!
• In addition to two-word phrasal verbs, there are three-word phrasal verbs that usually consist of a verb, an adverb, and a preposition.
Some three-word phrasal verbs may have an obvious meaning that we can guess from the parts. e.g. walk away from, climb out through.
Example:
The driver walked away from the burning car.
The thief climbed out through the window.
Many three-word phrasal verbs have an idiomatic meaning which is difficult to guess from their individual parts.
| live up to | meet someone's expectations |
| cut down on | reduce |
| get on with | have a good relationship with |
| put up with | accept an unpleasant situation / person without complaining |
| go in for | have something as an interest or a hobby |
| get through to | contact somebody by phone |
| look forward to | expect something because you enjoy it |
| keep up with | learn about the current developments of |
| ... | ... |
Example:
She gets on with all the members of her team.
I can't put up with his bad behaviour any longer.
• Three-word phrasal verbs need an object, which always comes immediately after the preposition, and not in any other place.
1. Match the verbs in 1-4 with the adverbs (a-d) and the prepositions in A-D to make complete sentences.
| 1. I have tried to contact the employment agency several times, but I haven't been able to get... | a. up | A. ... to hearing from them. |
| 2. After graduating from a medical school, my father had to work very hard to keep ... | b. forward | B... on staff. |
| 3. I have sent them my CV and application letter. Now, I'm looking.... | c. down | C. ... to anyone. |
| 4. As the factory gets more automated, its management plans to cut... | d. through | D. ... with medical knowledge. |
2. Work in pairs. Make true sentences about the career path of someone you know, using three-word phrasal verbs.
Example:
My eldest sister is very good at English, and my parents wanted her to become a teacher of English. However, she didn't live up to my parents' expectations. Instead, she went in for a game design competition and became a game designer.
